3. **What role do calligraphy and geometric patterns play in Islamic art, and how do these elements compare to the motifs commonly found in Indian art?
2. **In what ways did the Mughal Empire serve as a bridge between Indian and Islamic art traditions, and what are some notable examples of this hybrid style?
What are the main characteristics of miniature painting in both Indian (e.g., Mughal and Rajput styles) and Islamic traditions, and how do they differ in terms of technique and subject matter?
How are religious themes and narratives depicted in Indian art, and what are some significant differences between Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain art traditions?
What role does calligraphy play in Islamic art, and how has it been integrated into various forms of artistic expression such as architecture, painting, and ceramics?
How has the use of calligraphy as an art form in Islamic culture played a role in both religious and secular artistic expressions, and what are some significant examples of this art form?