How does calligraphy function as both an art form and a means of religious expression in Islamic art, and what variations can be seen across different regions and time periods?
How have miniature paintings developed in the Indian subcontinent, and what role did patronage by the Mughal emperors play in the evolution and spread of this art form?
In what ways did Indian art and architecture evolve during the rule of the Maurya and Gupta empires, and what impacts did these changes have on religious and cultural expressions?
What are the distinguishing features of traditional Islamic geometric patterns, and how have they been utilized in architectural structures such as mosques and madrasas?
How did Mughal art in India blend elements from Persian, Indian, and Islamic traditions, and what are some of the most notable examples of this synthesis?
These questions cover various themes, including artistic collaboration, religious influence, cultural exchange, and aesthetic features unique to Indian and Islamic art.?
5. **Can you discuss the significance of geometric patterns in Islamic art and how these patterns were adapted in Indian architectural and decorative arts?
